The impact of the geographical and social environment on the design of Libyan housing spaces | تأثير البيئة الجغرافية والاجتماعية علي تصميم فراغات المسكن الليبي

Libya is considered one of the vast countries with diverse climate and geography; it has mountainous, coastal and desert areas. The Libyan lands extend over a wide geographical area estimated at about 1.7 million square meters, and are divided into several regions according to the climatic factor represented by the Mediterranean climate, which extends towards the north of Libya, and is divided into flat coastal areas, mountainous areas, and desert areas extending towards the south and the Great Desert. Each of these regions has its own geographical and climatic characteristics that undoubtedly affected the architecture of the houses there. The climate plays a major role in the emergence and development of the Libyan house over the ages, in the formation and shaping of the main building elements, and in determining the features and shapes of the house. According to the surrounding climatic conditions, these elements differ from one region to another, and thus each region acquires architectural elements that distinguish it from others. The impact of climatic conditions appears as fixed factors, especially for each climatic region, in an effective manner on urban communities in general and on the form and design of housing in particular, and appears in the architectural treatments that suit them, which may be either automatic inherited heritage treatments, or may be the result of applied and scientific research in a manner that is consistent with economic and technological capabilities. Prevailing. All these factors directly affected the distribution and design of spaces and components of the Libyan home. Through this research, the climatic regions in Libya and their impact on the form and design of the Libyan home will be studied, and a prevalent housing model in each region will be analyzed.
 
ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻟﯿﺒﯿﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻤﺘﺮاﻣﯿﺔ اﻷطﺮاف ذات اﻟﺘﻨﻮع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ وﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺔ اﻷرض؛ ﻓﻔﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺠﺒﻠﯿﺔ واﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﯿﺔ واﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﯾﺔ. وﺗﻤﺘﺪ اﻷراﺿــﻲ اﻟﻠﯿﺒﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ رﻗﻌﺔ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺔ واﺳــﻌﺔ ﺗﻘﺪر ﻣﺴــﺎﺣﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﺤﻮاﻟﻲ ١٫٧ ﻣﻠﯿﻮن ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، وﺗﻨﻘﺴــﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺪة أﻗﺎﻟﯿﻢ طﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎخ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳـﻂ، وﯾﻤﺘﺪ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺸـﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ ﻟﯿﺒﯿﺎ، وﯾﻨﻘﺴـﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ ﺳـﺎﺣﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﻨﺒﺴـﻄﺔ وأﺧﺮى ﺟﺒﻠﯿﺔ، وأﺧﺮى ﺻـﺤﺮاوﯾﺔ وﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺠﻨﻮب واﻟﺼـﺤﺮاء اﻟﻜﺒﺮى. وﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﮭﺎ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻼ ﺷﻚ أﺛـﺮت ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎرة  اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﺑﮭﺎ. وﯾﻠﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ دور ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺸﺄة وﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻤﺴﻜﻦ اﻟﻠﯿﺒﻲ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر، وﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ وﺗﺸﻜﯿﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿـــــﺔ، و ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻼﻣﺢ اﻟﻤﺴﻜﻦ وأﺷﻜﺎله. وﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ھﺬه اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺧﺮى، وﻣﻦ ﺛَﻢﱠ ﺗﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﺎرﯾﺔ ﺗﻤﯿﺰھﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻏﯿﺮھﺎ. وﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﯿﺔ ﻛﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﮫ ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺧﻲ، ﺑﺼـﻮرة ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم وﻋﻠﻲ ﺷـﻜﻞ وﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺴـﻜﻦ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ  ﺧﺎص، وﺗﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺎﺳــﺒﮭﺎ واﻟﺘﻲ إﻣﺎ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت ﺗﺮاﺛﯿﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻣﺘﻮارﺛﺔ، أو ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻟﺒﺤﻮث ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯿﺔ وﻋﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻣﻊ اﻻﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪة. ﻛﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ  أﺛﺮت ﯾﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻓﺮاﻏﺎت وﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﻜﻦ اﻟﻠﯿﺒﻲ. وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ھﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺳﯿﺘﻢ دراﺳﺔ اﻻﻗﺎﻟﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﯿﺒﯿﺎ وﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮھﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﻜﻦ اﻟﻠﯿﺒﻲ، وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﺳﻜﻨﻲ ﺳﺎﺋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ.