Numerical Investigation of Smoke Extraction of a Burning Vehicle in a Roadway Tunnel with Roof Openings

Document Type : Research articles

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Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology-Cairo Campus, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Smoke spread and extraction in a tunnel, which is caused by a burning vehicle, are studied and investigated using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Roof ventilation openings are used in this model to maintain a safe evacuation and to reduce the number of injuries and fatalities. Hence a 3D tunnel model with heat release of 5MW is implemented using 40 roof openings with heat, visibility, and toxic gases detector. The properties and the flow rate of smoke are recorded at different locations, including the nearest emergency exit from the burning vehicle. The results recorded at the nearest emergency exit, which is located at 45m from the burning vehicle after 40s, indicate safe records and conditions for evacuation as the air temperature is20℃, the visibility limit is 10 m, the Carbon Monoxide is 6.3ppm, and Carbon Dioxide is 504 pp m . Thus, the roof openings effectively reduce the tunnel fire hazards.

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